The force that through the green fuse drives the flower / Drives my green age; that blasts the roots of trees / Is my destroyer. / And I am dumb to tell the crooked rose / My youth is bent by the same wintry fever¡¦.by Dylan Thomas
This is the first time an entire ancient human genome ÇÕÁ¤µ¿¿ë´ÞÀÌ»ç has been extracted from anything other than human bone, said the researchers.
She likely had dark skin, dark brown hair Á߰赿¿ë´ÞÀÌ»ç and blue eyes.
Dr Hannes Schroeder from the University of Copenhagen said the "chewing gum" - actually tar from a tree - is a very valuable source of ancient DNA, especially for ·¹Çø®Ä«½Ã°è»çÀÌÆ®=·¹Çø®Ä«½Ã°è»çÀÌÆ® time periods where we have no human remains.
"It is amazing to have gotten a complete ancient human genome from anything other than bone,'' he said.
suggest 2019-12-18 (06:06) IP address :185.92.25.116
The woman's entire È«Äᱸ¸Å´ëÇà È«Äá½Ã°è È«Äá¸íǰ¼îÇÎ=È«Äᱸ¸Å´ëÇà È«Äá½Ã°è È«Äá¸íǰ¼îÇÎ genetic code, or genome, was decoded and used to work out what she might have looked like. She was genetically more closely related to hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than to those who lived in central Scandinavia at the time, and, like them, had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes.
She was likely descended from a population of settlers that moved up from western Europe after the glaciers retreated.
How did she live?
Other traces of DNA gave clues to life at Syltholm on Lolland, À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǻçÀÔ À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǵµ¸Å À̹ÌÅ×À̼dz²¼ºÀÇ·ù=À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǻçÀÔ À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǵµ¸Å À̹ÌÅ×À̼dz²¼ºÀÇ·ù an island of Denmark in the Baltic Sea. The DNA signatures of hazelnut and mallard duck were identified, showing these were part of the diet at the time.
"It is the biggest Stone Age site in Denmark and the ³²ÀÚ·¹Çø®Ä«»çÀÌÆ®=³²ÀÚ·¹Çø®Ä«»çÀÌÆ® archaeological finds suggest that the people who occupied the site were heavily exploiting wild resources well into the Neolithic, which is the period when farming and domesticated animals were first introduced into southern Scandinavia," said Theis Jensen from the University of Copenhagen.
As filmmaking began to evolve in the post-war period, so too ¼º°øÈ¸´ëÆ÷ÀåÀÌ»ç did its portrayal of cats, with French director Jean Vigo¡¯s pioneering 1934 film L¡¯Atalante showing off a sea-faring group of felines belonging to Michel Simon¡¯s eccentric bargeman Pere Jules. In one scene, a kitten clings to his shoulder as Pere dances on the end of the pier wildly, while playing his accordion to welcome newlyweds Jean and Juliette to his boat.
Vigo was a precursor to the French New Wave directors and fellow cat lovers Agnes Varda and Chris Marker, who would frequently feature felines in their work. While in Blake Edwards¡¯ 1961 romantic classic Breakfast at Tiffany¡¯s, Holly Golightly has the ¡°poor slob¡± known only as Cat for company, Cleo Victoire in Varda¡¯s Cleo from 5 to 7 (1962) lives in a plush apartment with an ¼ºµ¿±¸¿ø·ëÀÌ»ç assortment of free-roaming kittens, evoking the image of free-spirited actress Sylvia in Federico Fellini¡¯s La Dolce Vita (1960), cavorting with a tiny white kitten near the Trevi fountain in Rome. These lonely, creative souls find companionship in the form of their feline friends ? not quite as needy as dogs, but infinitely less judgemental than humans.
snapshot 2019-12-18 (06:01) IP address :185.92.25.116
Where ¿ë»êÆ÷ÀåÀÌ»ç did the DNA come from?
The DNA was stuck in a black-brown lump of birch pitch, produced by heating birch bark, which was used at that time to glue together stone tools.
The presences of tooth marks suggest ±âÈïÆ÷ÀåÀÌ»ç the substance was chewed, perhaps to make it more malleable, or possibly to relieve toothache or other ailments.
What does the information tell us?
The researchers said the information preserved in this way offers a snapshot of people's lives, providing information on ancestry, livelihood and ±¤Èñµ¿ÀÌ»ç¾÷ü health.
DNA extracted from the chewing gum also gives an insight into how human pathogens have evolved over the years.
He also pleaded guilty to two further charges of administering a substance with intent to commit a sexual offence.
Mr Penny said the first victim was targeted in 2000 ´ä·Ê¶±=´ä·Êǰ ´ä·Ê¶± Çà»ç¶± ±îÄ¡¶± or early 2001 after a night out at a wine bar in Dover Street in Soho.
Worboys' third victim was picked up after a night out on King's ±¤¸íÆ÷ÀåÀÌ»ç Road in 2007 where he told her he had won ¡Ì40,000 at a casino and offered her champagne.
The court heard Worboys told the fourth victim he had won the lottery and offered her and her friend miniature bottles of champagne.
Mr Penny said: "She woke up in bed the following morning. À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǰ¡¹æ=À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǰ¡¹æ The bedclothes had not moved and her hands were crossed over her chest, which was unusual.
Musharraf 2019-12-18 (05:45) IP address :185.92.25.116
Gen Musharraf argued the case was politically motivated and that the actions he took in 2007 were agreed by the government and cabinet. But his arguments were turned down by the courts and he was accused of acting illegally.
According to the Pakistani constitution, ´ä·Ê¶±=´ä·Êǰ ´ä·Ê¶± Çà»ç¶± ±îÄ¡¶± anyone convicted of high treason could face the death penalty. Gen Musharraf travelled to Dubai in 2016 after a travel ban was lifted and he has refused to appear before the court, despite multiple orders.
But Gen Musharraf was the first army chief to be À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǹ̷¯±Þ=À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǹ̷¯±Þ charged with such a crime and the powerful military have watched the case carefully.
"An ex-Army Chief, Chairman Joint Chief of Staff Committee and President of Pakistan, who has served the country for over 40 years, fought wars for the defence of the country can surely never be a traitor," a statement said.
Analysts say the institution is deeply aware that how the ´ä·Ê¶±=´ä·Êǰ ´ä·Ê¶± Çà»ç¶± ±îÄ¡¶± case proceeds could set a precedent.
Many expect the judgement to be delayed by an appeal by Gen Musharraf's lawyers and it unclear if a request to have him returned would be successful as there is no formal extradition treaty between Pakistan and the UAE, the BBC's M Ilyas Khan reports.
Musharraf 2019-12-18 (05:39) IP address :185.92.25.116
Gen Musharraf left the country after ´ä·Ê¶±=´ä·Êǰ ´ä·Ê¶± Çà»ç¶± ±îÄ¡¶± relinquishing the presidency in 2008, but returned in 2013 to contest the general elections, when he was barred from standing by the ºÒ±¤µ¿¿ë´ÞÀÌ»ç courts and À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǽðè À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǹ̷¯±Þ À̹ÌÅ×À̼Ƿ¹Çø®Ä«=À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǽðè À̹ÌÅ×À̼ǹ̷¯±Þ À̹ÌÅ×À̼Ƿ¹Çø®Ä« was embroiled in several cases - including over the assassination of former PM Benazir Bhutto.
He appeared only twice in hearings for treason and ¾çÁÖ¿ë´ÞÀÌ»ç earlier spent time at an army health facility or on his farm in Islamabad. He subsequently moved to Karachi in April 2014, where he lived until his departure two years later.